Progressivism Review

Origins of Progressivism
- How was Populism a forerunner to Progressivism?

Directions: For all of the following people, laws, etc. – provide a 1-2 sentence description/explanation that identifies the importance of the term.

Muckrakers
- Upton Sinclair- The author of the muckracking magazine, "The Jungle"
- Jacob Riis- Photojournalist who published the book "How the Other Half Lives"
- Lincoln Steffens- A uckracker who write "The Shame of the Cities" describing in detail the corrupt deals that characterized big-city politics.
- Ida Tarbell- A muchracker who wrote "The History of Standard Oil"
- Henry Demarest Lloyd- A Chicago reporter who wrote a series of articles for the Atlantic Monthly attacking the practices of railroads and Standard Oil.
- Theodore Dreiser- A muckracker who wrote" The Financer" and "The Titan" portraying the ruthlessness and avarice of an industrialists.

Political Reforms
- Australian Secret Ballot- A type of voting where people would vote behind closed doors or curtins in order to stop intimidation by candidates
- Direct Primary- Chosing candidates via the popular vote as oposed to being chosen at conventions by party bosses
- Initiative- The idea that voters can compel the legislature to consider a bill
- Referendum- Citizens could vote on laws on ballots
- Recall- Enabled voters to remove a politician from office by majority vote.
- 17th Amendment- The election of senators was now voted on by popular vote

Prohibition/Temperance
- 18th Amendment- The prohibition of alcohol.
- Frances Willar- A prohibitionist and women's suffragist who helped pass the 18th and 19th Amandments.

Women’s Suffrage
- Seneca Falls Convention- A convention from women's rights and wrote their own Constitution morroring the U.S Constitution.
- Susan B. Anthony- A leader of women's rights activist.
- Alice Paul- The president of the NAWSA
- Carrie Chapman Catt-
- NAWSA- National American Women Suffrage thought to impower women and enable families in society
- 19th Amendment- guarenteeed women's rights to vote in elections

African Americans
- Booker T. Washington- The owner of the Tuskegee Institute and argued that blacks needed education.
- W.E.B. DuBois- A northerner who wrote "The Soles of Black Folk" who argued that political and social rights are a prerequisite for economic independece.
- NAACP- created by W. E. B. Du Bois standed for the National Association for the Adavancement of Colored People. They wanted to abolish segregation.
- Atlanta Exposition- A speech given by Booker T. Washington in 1895 and was one of the most important and influencial speeches in American history.

Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt
- Square Deal- The non-favoring of the business owners over the laborers and vice versa.
- Northern Securities Company- A railroad trust formed by the rich that took over the northern railroad system.
- Elkins Act- Interstate Commerce Commision's authority to stop rebate to a favored costumer.
- Hepburn Act- Interstate Commerce Commision could fix just and reliable rates for railroads.
- Pure Food and Drug Act- Stopped the selling of bad or mislabeled food and drugs.
- Forest Reserve Act- Roosevelt put aside 150 acres of land as a national reserve that could not be sold by private interest.
- Newlands Reclamation Act- A comission established under Gifford Pinchot for the need of conservation.

Progressive Presidents: William Howard Taft
- 16th Amendment- Made a federal income tax legal.
- Mann-Elkins Act- Gave the Interstate Commerce Commission the power to suspend new railroad rates and oversee a telephone, telegraph, and cable companies.
- Payne-Aldrich Act- Raised the tariff in 1909 on imports.

Progressive Presidents: Woodrow Wilson
- Election of 1912- The candidates were Taft, Roosevelt, and Wilson. Wilson won the presidency.
- Underwood Tariff- Lowered the tariff for the first time in 50 years.
- Federal Reserve Act- Wilson proposed a national banking system with 12 distric banks supervised by the Federal Reserve Board.
- Clayton Anti-Trust Act- Strengtened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act that organized labor and exempted unions from being considered trusts.
- Child Labor Act- Prohibited the shipment and interstate commerce of product manufacotred by children under 14 years of age.


Other
- Eugene V. Debs- A candidate for the Socialist party.
- Jane Addams-